War service: Egypt, Western Front

Embarked from Australia, 18 February 1916; disembarked Suez, 23 March 1916. Transferred to 15th Field Artillery Brigade, Ferry Post, 1 April 1916, mustered as Gunner and posted to 57th Battery. Found guilty, 1 May 1916, of using insubordinate language to a superior officer: awarded 14 days' confined to barracks.

Proceeded from Alexandria to join the British Expeditionary Force, 7 June 1916; disembarked Marseilles, 15 June 1916. Proceeded from 5th Division Base Depot, Etaples, to the front, 24 July 1916.

Admitted to 36th Casualty Clearing Station, 10 January 1917;transferred to Ambulance Train No 25, 11 January1917; to11th Stationary Hospital, Rouen, 12 January 1917; to Australian General Base Depot, 17 January 1917; marched out to 5th Division Artillery, 6 February 1917; transferred to 5th Divisional Ammunition Column, 7 February 1917; to 3rd Army Field Artillery Brigade, 8 February 1917.

Admitted to 9th Field Ambulance, 23 June 1917 (boil on arm); transferred to Divisional Rest Station, 26 June 1917; rejoined unit, 1 July 1917.

Reallotted Regimental No 1974A, 28 June 1917.

Admitted to 5th London Field Ambulance, 7 September 1917; transferred to 39th General Hospital; discharged to Australian General Base Depot, 20 September 1917; total period of treatment for venereal disease: 14 days. Wounded in action, Belgium (gassed), 30 October 1917, and admitted to 10th Casualty Clearing Station; transferred by Ambulance Train No 19 to St John Ambulance Brigade, Etaples, 1 November 1917; to England, 4 November 1917, and admitted to War Hospital, Warren Road, Guildford, 5 November 1917; to 3rd Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Dartford, 27 December 1917; granted furlough, 31 December 1917-14 January 1918, to report to No 3 Command Depot, Hurdcott. Admitted to Fovant Military Hospital, 9 February 1918 (phimosis - operation); discharged to Training Depot, 22 February 1918. Admitted to Brigade Hospital, 4 March 1918 (influenza); marched in to No 3 Command Depot from hospital, 7 March 1918; to Overseas Training Brigade, 27 April 1918; to No 3 Command Depot, 9 May 1918. Sick to Military Hospital, Fovant, 21 May 1918 (haematurea); discharged to Training Depot, 28 June 1918. Marched out to No 2 Command Depot, 13 July 1918.

Commenced return to Australia on board HT 'Runic', 23 September 1918; disembarked Melbourne, 26 November 1918, for onward overland travel to Sydney; discharged (medically unfit), 28 December 1918 (second discharge date given as16 July 1920.